Detection of early gastric cancer and analysis of its endoscopic characteristics (43 cases) / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate and analyze the detection of early gastric cancer (ECG) and explore the endoscopic and pathological characteristics. Methods Clinical data of patients underwent gastroscopy in 2016 were retrospectively collected for the screening and statistics of the detection rate of ECG (detected in examination and confirmed by pathology). In addition, the clinical data of 43 detected patients with ECG (47 lesions) were retrospectively summarized. Endoscopic characteristics under a white light endoscope and a magnifying endoscope with narrow band imaging (NBI) as well as pathological characteristics of ECG were compared. Results The overall detection rate of ECG was 0.23% (43/18,534), accounting for 24.71% (43/174) in the total detected cases of gastric cancer. This study revealed that ECG was the most commonly detected in the gastric antrum (36.17%, 17/47), lesion size >1.0 cm was the most common (68.09%, 32/47), and 0-IIc type were the most common under the endoscope, accounting for 55.32% (26/47). Under the white light endoscope, 35 (74.47%, 35/47) lesions showed mucosal redness, 43 (91.49%, 43/47) lesions presented clear boundaries, 42 (89.36%, 42/47) lesions exhibited irregular surface, 39 (82.98%, 39/47) lesions demonstrated mucosal atrophy and (or) intestinal metaplasia, 17 (36.17%, 17/47) lesions presented edge burrs, 8 (17.02%, 8/47) lesions showed WOS, 13 (27.66%, 13/47) lesions had superficial ulcers, and 21 (44.68%, 21/47) lesions demonstrated spontaneous bleeding. Magnifying endoscopy with NBI was conducted in 30 lesions, revealing clear boundaries in 86.67% (26/30) lesions, irregular or disappeared submucosal microvasculature in 96.67% (29/30) lesions, and irregular or disappeared epithelial microstructure and pit pattern in 90.00% (27/30) lesions. Differentiated pathological type was dominant (89.36%, 42/47). Conclusion ECG mainly occurs in the gastric antrum and 0-IIc type are dominant. Careful observation of the changes and characteristics of the local tone of gastric mucosa under a white light endoscope as well as the changes in lesion boundaries, submucosal microvasculature, epithelial microstructure and pit pattern under a magnifying endoscope with NBI is helpful to improve the diagnosis rate of ECG.

Fabrication of Isoniazid/Rifampicin/Poly L-lactic Acid Donut-shaped Implants via Three Dimensional Printing Technique / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the possibility of manufacturing dual-drug loaded isoniazid/rifampicin/poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) implant with donut-shaped structure via three-dimensional (3D) printing technique and study the drug release characteristic and biocompatibility of the implant in vitro.Methods PLLA was crushed into particles with diameters around 75-100 μm.Isoniazid and rifampicin bulk drugs were dissolved into the organic dissolvent respectively to be the binding liquid.The 3D printing machine fabricated the donut-shaped implant via binding the PLLA powder layer by layer.Dynamic socking method was used to study the in vitro release characteristics,and cell culture experiment was used to test the cytocompatibility of the implant.Results PLLA slow-release implants were made by using the PLLA powder as matrix and isoniazid/rifampicin organic solvent as binding liquid through 3D printing.The drugs in the implants distributed in nest under electron microscope.The concentrations of both drugs were still higher than the lowest effective bacteriostasis concentration after release for 32 days.Cytotoxicity and direct contact tests indicated that the implants had rare cytotoxicity and favorable biocompatibility. Conclusion The donut-shaped implants can be successfully fabricated using the 3D printing method,which offers a new method for the manufacturing of topical slow-release anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Comparative analysis on both high risk behaviours, infection of HIV and syphilis between married and unmarried men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the distribution of marriage status among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the city of Changzhou, and to explore the impact of marriage on AIDS related high risk behaviors and HIV infection in this population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Target sampling (snowball sampling) was adopted to carry out a cross-sectional study, and structured questionnaire-based interviews were conducted to collect information on social demography, HIV related high risk behaviors. Blood and urine samples were collected to detect HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis infections.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 655 participants, 37.4% were married. Married MSM mostly sought their sexual partners at the public bathing house (61.6%), while unmarried MSM were mainly through bars (33.6%) or internet (31.1%). The proportion of having anal sex with men during the last 6 months was lower in the married group (50.8%) than in the unmarried group (73.3%), (P < 0.001) The percentage of having sex with women in the last 6 months was significantly higher in the married group (68.9%) than that in the unmarried group (33.2%) (P < 0.001), (OR = 4.454, 95%CI: 3.168 - 6.261). The rates of condom use in the last anal sex with men in married and unmarried groups were 71.0% and 77.6%, respectively (P = 0.152). The rate of condom use in the last intercourse with women was significantly lower in the married group (44.0%) than that in the unmarried group (70.4%) (P < 0.001), (OR = 0.331, 95%CI: 0.205 - 0.535). In the sex trade, most of the married MSM would "buy" sex (66.7%), while unmarried MSM would "sell" sex (63.2%) (P < 0.05), (OR = 3.429, 95%CI: 1.255 - 9.366). The percentage of having drugs in the previous year was higher in married group (3.3%) than that in the unmarried group (0.8%) (P < 0.05). In married and unmarried groups, the infection rates of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis appeared to be (8.6%, 8.6%), (17.1%, 12.3%), (1.6%, 2.4%), and (3.3%, 9.0%), respectively (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Marriage seemed to have had limited effects on reducing the high risk behaviors of MSM. Different and multiform interventions should be developed according to the different characteristics of married or unmarried MSM population.</p>

Significance of conservation of the horizontal bony strut of the basal lamellae in endoscopic sinus surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the methods of maintaining the stability of middle turbinate (MT), reducing the incidence of middle meatus synechia formation and improving the treatment effect of endoscopic sinus surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective study was conducted in 54 consecutive patients with chronic sinusitis. The patients were allocated into two groups. During the operation, the most anterior and superior MT attachments to the agger nasi region were preserved, and anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy were performed in group A (27 cases 47 sides). Besides above structures, the most posterior and inferior aspects of the basal lamellae and the horizontal boney strut structures of the basal lamellae were preserved in group B (27 cases 51 sides).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, course and preoperation visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The VAS scores in group A before and 1 year after operation were (6.41 +/- 0.25) and (1.70 +/- 0.36), the difference was significant (t = 10.472, P < 0.05). The VAS scores in group B before and 1 year after operation were (6.78 +/- 0.23) and (0.66 +/- 0.16), the difference was significant (t = 17.195, P < 0.05). The Lund-Kennedy scores in group A and group B one year after operation were (1.85 +/- 0.47) and (0.67 +/- 0.16), the difference was significant (t = 2.290, P < 0.05). The MT position was described as stable, slight drifting laterally and synechia formation. And the incidence of stable, slight drifting laterally and synechia between MT and the nasal lateral wall in group A and group B was 57.4%, 23.4%, 19.1% and 88.2%, 3.9%, 7.8% respectively, the differences were significant (chi(2) = 12.511, P < 0.05)</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Conservation of the horizontal bony strut of basal lamellae could better maintain the stability of MT, reduce the incidence of MT drifting laterally and synechia formation, and finally improve the curative effect of endoscopic sinus surgery.</p>

Study on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding AIDS among migrant workers in railway construction sites / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status and influencing factors on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about AIDS among the migrant workers in railway construction sites and to provide evidence for strategy development and measures on AIDS related health education and behavioral intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>943 migrant workers in railway construction sites were surveyed. Univariate analysis, multivariate Logistic regression and correlation analysis were used to explore their influencing factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The migrant workers in railway construction sites had poor AIDS knowledge as a whole. People with high educational level and income had higher AIDS correlative knowledge than other groups. Only 37.5% (275) of 734 migrant workers who had heard about AIDS felt pity for people with HIV/AIDS. There were 39.6%, 7.3% and 6.9% of 943 migrant workers did not object to "pre-marital sex", "prostitution" or "wenching". There were 90 (9.5%) migrant workers admitted having non-marital sex for the last three months but 22 (28.6%) admitted never using condoms,and only 8 (10.4%) had used each time. It appeared that the higher educational level and scores about AIDS knowledge one had,the higher the rate of using a condom. Both longer time interval away from their families and working time were, the lower they would usage a condom.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Migrant workers in construction sites were potential high risk population for HIV/AIDS. AIDS health education and behavioral intervention should be carried out</p>